Traditionally, the bioscience field has been relatively immune to environmental concerns. Utilizing light microscopes and chemistry-based analytical techniques didn’t require high levels of precision. However, as the scale of research gets smaller and smaller the need for a stable environment increases.
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Data storage refers to the industry and field of study dedicated to producing media and devices for recording digital information. The first data storage devices were punched paper that provided basic machinery instructions, dating back to the 18th century. Rudimentary magnetic storage devices began appearing late in the 19th century and have since evolved to become the default format for modern computation.
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Energy has always been a fertile ground for scientific discovery. With the growing demand for energy in the developing world and the realization that current energy production will be insufficient and too dirty to meet the demand, the field of energy research has seen remarkable growth in the past decade.
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In-vitro fertilization (IVF) is a branch of assisted reproductive technology which involves fertilizing eggs with semen in a fluid medium, typically in a petri dish, then transferring the embryo to a human womb for pregnancy. When it was initially introduced in the late 1970’s, IVF was considered very controversial. Today, it is a routine part of the conversation among couples who are having trouble conceiving using traditional methods.
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Materials science is an applied science which seeks to understand the properties of natural and manmade substances. Materials science blends knowledge and techniques from an array of disciplines such as physics, chemistry, and mechanical engineering. This field has an equally broad range of applications to bioengineering, energy research, and product research and development.
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Physics is the study of the fundamental forces which govern nature. Physics is the quintessential pure science. Since the laws of physics govern the behavior of all matter and energy, they influence all the other scientific fields.
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Today’s global marketplace is marked by demanding customers and ruthless competition. Add to this mix stringent product regulations and rigid precision requirements and it becomes clear that everyone engaged in producing commercial products must engage in rigorous product testing.
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Generally, the term semiconductor refers to a material which has conductive properties between insulator and conductor, allowing it to act as either depending on the circumstances. In the context of nanotechnology, the semiconductor field relates to the research into and production of microprocessors to power computing devices.
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Tribology is the study of the mechanical properties of materials, particularly the effects of relative motion. The first insights into tribology date back to Leonardo DaVinci and his laws of friction. The field has since developed to include a wide array of mechanical properties in addition to friction, including lubrication, wear, and scratch testing.
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